For the purposes of this document reference to “you” or “your” includes all guests in the party. Trafalgar Tours West, Inc. is the ‘Sales Company’. The ‘Operator’ for the trips will be as described in the table below. Collectively these companies are referred to as ‘Trafalgar’, or the ‘Provider’.

Your agreement is with Trafalgar and a contract is formed when you make a reservation with us that we accept. Enrollment in and payment for a guided trip shall constitute acceptance by the guest of the terms and conditions in this document. These cannot be varied except in writing by an officer of the Company.

All contracts with Trafalgar are made subject to the terms of these booking conditions which includes the Important Information provided.

We reserve the right to change these booking conditions at any time prior to you making a booking.

The invalidity of any provisions herein shall not affect the validity of any other provisions. The agreement shall be construed as though the invalid provision was not contained herein and was replaced with an enforceable provision as similar as possible to the original provision. Should any conflict arise between these booking conditions and those contained within our brochures, these booking conditions shall prevail.

Departure Date
The departure date is the date indicated on the booking confirmation.

Security
Security is a major concern to all of us and the situation globally is constantly changing. Events around the world, coupled with the “Travel Advisories” put out by various governments, may at times necessitate changes to the accommodations and itinerary or even trip cancelation. You must accept these risks involved in travel to any country that may experience security difficulties and accept responsibility for your own travel decisions.

Travel Insurance
Travel insurance is highly recommended for all guests covering all applicable dates of travel with the Provider. This insurance should cover: trip interruption, personal injury, medical expenses, evacuation and repatriation cover including during pandemic events. The choice of insurer is yours.

The availability of travel insurance and extent of cover is constantly changing, please refer to our website www.trafalgar.com/faq for most up to date information or talk to your reservation agent. The Provider may receive a commission for introducing you to a travel insurance provider.

The Provider cannot be held responsible for your failure to obtain insurance which is appropriate, and we recommend you purchase your insurance at or soon after booking your trip. The Provider (other than in circumstances where the Provider has been negligent) will not be held liable for any costs incurred by the guest resulting from their failure to obtain adequate travel insurance.

COVID-19
COVID 19 means coronavirus disease, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and all variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

An inherent risk of exposure to COVID-19 exists in any public place where people are present. COVID-19 is an extremely contagious disease that can lead to severe illness and death. The Provider may require proof of vaccination or negative COVID-19 tests, with the situation changing rapidly please refer to www.trafalgar.com/faq for current requirements and further information relating to COVID-19. Please also familiarize yourself with the advice from your national authority for overseas travel before departing.

COVID-19 requirements vary from country to country and region to region and circumstances may requires us to ask all travelers to be vaccinated and provide evidence of vaccination, irrespective of the destinations’ vaccine requirements. Definition of fully vaccinated may include booster doses and/or time elapsed since last dose received. Evidence of negative COVID-19 tests may also be required. Airlines, hotels, excursion providers and other transport providers may also have separate requirements. It is your responsibility to ensure that you comply at all times with these requirements. No refunds will be given if you are unable to undertake some or all of your vacation due to your failure to comply with these requirements, or if you fail any tests, checks or other measures imposed by a supplier or necessary for you to travel. You also acknowledge that certain countries may impose quarantine or self-isolation measures upon travelers, whether in the place of the destination or upon return and that such requirements are subject to change, and may be imposed on short notice. You will be responsible for any resulting additional costs including travel and accommodation. 

We ask that you please take personal responsibility for your wellbeing. This begins with packing any personal protective equipment and sanitizers you require. Please adopt physical distancing and hygiene practices throughout your pre-trip travel arrangements and follow all health instructions whether physical signage, or requests from our professional staff once you are traveling with us. To travel with us, you voluntarily assume all risks related to exposure to COVID-19. Full details of hygiene protocols can be found on our website.

If you test positive while traveling with us, you will need to comply with the legislation or regulations of the country you are in and may not be able to continue to travel with the group. You will need to isolate in that country for the required number of days if stipulated by the local government. As COVID-19 still remains a threat to the health of individuals, we ask that you please take personal responsibility for your wellbeing and be conscious of the effect your personal situation may have on the health and wellbeing of others. The Provider may decide you will not be able to continue to travel with the group, if your health situation appears likely to endanger your wellbeing or that of other guests.

In the event that you are unable to travel with us or need to curtail your trip our cancelation charges will apply in accordance with our cancelation procedure. We will not be responsible for covering the cost of any curtailment of your vacation, missed transport arrangements, additional accommodation required, or other associated costs incurred by you. You must ensure you have travel insurance which covers these costs.

Force Majeure
Force Majeure Event means any event or circumstance beyond the control of the Provider, including but not limited to: (a) an act of god (such as earthquake, flood, fire, explosion, landslide, lightning, action of the elements, force of nature, washout, typhoon, hurricane, cyclone, tsunami, storm or storm warning or natural disaster); (b) industrial disputes, work ban or other labour dispute or difficulty; (c) acts of terrorism, political unrest, war or threat of war, riots or civil strife; (d) failure or delays to scheduled transportation and the closure of airports or ports; (e) pandemic, epidemic or health risk; (f) governmental and administrative actions (including closure of borders and travel warnings and restrictions).

1. Your trip will be confirmed after receipt of a non-refundable deposit as detailed in the Table. We reserve the right to refuse a booking without giving any reason and shall in that event return any deposit received. If not received within 3 business days of booking, the reservation will automatically be canceled. On certain departures, deposits may be required at time of booking to hold seats.
2. Air-inclusive bookings may require an additional non-refundable deposit or payment in full at the time of booking, see Flight Reservations, Deposits and Cancelation section below.
3. We may from time to time offer deposits at a reduced amount (Promotional Deposits) and these may be subject to different terms and conditions as specified by us. Such terms and conditions prevail to the extent of any inconsistency with these Booking Conditions.
4. Final payment for your trip reservation will be due prior to departure no later than as detailed in the Table. When making multiple trip bookings, full payment is for all trips according to the scheduled departure date of the first departing trip. Payment in full will be required at time of booking for reservations made later than the final payment due date (see Table) prior to the trip departure date. Some special promotions may have different payment deadlines and cancelation terms. If you fail to make payment by the due date detailed in the Table we will remind you to make payment. In addition to the payment you will also be responsible for any costs imposed upon us by suppliers resulting from late payment. If we do not receive payment within 72 hours after the reminder you will be deemed to have cancelled the booking.
5. The Provider reserves the right to cancel the reservation and impose cancelation charges if any payment is not received as detailed within the Table. The Provider will not be responsible for lost land and/or air reservations.
6. Credit Card Bookings: The Provider should be advised of your credit card number when making your reservation directly with us. For security purposes, we are required to collect the guest’s credit card billing address, card expiration date and the customer verification code every time a payment is applied.
7. Your Travel Agent shall hold all monies for each and every person named in the booking until the booking is confirmed at which time your Travel Agent shall provide those monies promptly to us. You consent to us depositing monies received by us as required by law. We will be entitled to keep interest earned on monies.

Name Changes and Corrections
The Provider does not charge for name changes or corrections, however where third party costs are incurred these will be passed on to the guest. Not all airlines allow name changes or name corrections, and a new airfare may need to be purchased which will be passed onto the guest.

Other Booking Changes
The Provider does not charge for minor booking changes however where third party costs are incurred these will be passed on to the guest. Costs and charges may increase the closer to the departure date that changes are made. We will try to make your requested change, but it may on occasion not be possible.

Deposit Protection
Should your plans change and you cancel your booking before final payment is due, you will receive a credit of $200 or equivalent currency per person, or the amount of your tour-only deposit whichever is less, valid for up to five years from date of cancellation. This credit cannot be used as a deposit against your future booking and can only be used as a credit against your final payment. Only one credit per person can be applied to each booking.

Cancelation by Traveler
Travel arrangements for any member of the party may be canceled at any time by written notice by the person who made the booking.

If notice of cancelation is received by the Provider before final payment is due (see Table), the deposit will be retained along with the Travel Protection payment. If cancelation is made after final payment is due cancelation fees will apply (see Table). These cancellation fees represent the costs incurred less any expected recoveries. Please also refer to Air Changes or Cancelation Section where applicable.

Notice of cancelation must be made in writing directly to the Provider or through your Travel Agent. Please also refer to the Provider's Travel Protection.

If a person in a party cancels and there is a room change caused by this cancelation (such as a double room to Single, or Triple to double room), charges for the new room type will be the responsibility of the remaining party.

If a guest fails to join the trip on the day of departure, cancelation fees will be 100% (unless the guest notifies us of the delay and joins the trip later at their own expense).

Cancelation fees as per the Table apply to additional accommodation and/or chargeable transfers prior to and after the trip, itinerary extensions or cruise reserved through the Provider.

Cancelation fees and charges will include any amounts that we have paid or have contractually committed to pay to third parties to deliver your travel arrangements which we cannot reasonably recover (for example payments made or due to airlines and hotels). Any payments we have made to third parties will only be refunded to you once we have deducted the above cancelation fees and charges and once we have actually recovered the amounts from the third parties.

All cancelation fees as per the Table are additional to any cancelation fees or other charges that may be levied by your Travel Agent.

Travel Protection Plan premiums are non-refundable.

If the reason for your cancelation is covered under your insurance, you may be able to reclaim these charges from your insurer. You are responsible to make the claim to your insurer. We will provide you with documentation to support your claim.

Cancelation by the Provider
The Provider reserves the right, to modify or cancel any trip, accommodation, in-destination activity or arrangement, (definite or not), at any time.

Cancelation due to Failure to Pay
If full payment is not received by the due date (see Table), The Provider has the right to cancel your reservation and no refund will be made. The Provider will not be responsible for lost reservations.

Cancelation due to Force Majeure Events
If the Provider cancels a trip as a result of a Force Majeure Event, a future travel credit (FTC) to the value of funds paid to date less any unrecoverable third-party costs incurred will be provided. All FTCs will be valid for 24 months from date of issue.

Where a trip is terminated mid-trip due to a Force Majeure event, if we provide you with any alternative services or assistance (such as hotels or travel) then you agree to pay for these costs.

Cancelation due to Events other than Force Majeure Events
If the cancelation by the Provider is not as a result of a Force Majeure Event, the Provider will provide an alternative comparable trip (if available), if an alternative is not available then a refund will be made. The Provider is not liable for any cancelation or change cost or penalties incurred on other travel arrangements, including air travel, that may be affected thereby.

The Provider is not responsible for other travel arrangements that you or your party have made outside the Provider and which are affected by our cancelations.

Early Return, Illness or Absence
Early return expenses are the guest’s responsibility, unless this is due to negligence by the Provider. There is no refund for absence or early departure from a trip, including but not limited to missed hotels, transfers, meals or sightseeing cruises or optional extensions. The Provider urges you to purchase travel insurance which covers such circumstances. The Provider makes no representation or guarantees concerning reimbursement, scope of coverage, or other aspects of any travel insurance policy or claim.

Reservations/Ticketing
Air-inclusive bookings and some intra-trip flights require an additional non-refundable deposit at time of booking which may be up to 100%.

If an air reservation is made by the Provider, full payment may be required for your airfare at the time of booking. On receipt of full air payment your airfare, taxes and fuel surcharges are final. This will be regardless of future price fluctuations up or down. When booking a trip including flights, you will be required, at the time of booking, to provide us the full name as detailed on the passport, passport number, nationality, date and place of issue for each guest. The Provider does not hold an allocation of air seats and all flight reservations are made on request and are subject to the terms and conditions of the airline. Changes to flight itineraries and name changes and/or corrections may either not be allowed or may result in cancellation or other charges by the airline. These are the guest’s responsibility along with the fees charged as described above.

Airlines (and other travel providers including the Provider) change prices and routes from time to time. All air routings are in the sole control of the airline and are subject to change at any time.

Air Changes or cancelation
After deposit has been received any changes, including incur a service fee, plus any airline cancellation or amendment fees. Airline imposed fees may be up to 100% of the air ticket price. Published Fares, Priced Match Fares, Promo Fares and some other airfares booked are non-refundable.

If you have purchased an air inclusive package with the Provider, effective 28 October 2024, your unused airfare may be fully refundable under certain condition as described in https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/26/2024-07177/refunds-and-other-consumer-protections

Not showing up for your outbound flight as booked and ticketed will be considered a no-show, and all the connecting flights associated with this one, even a return flight will be canceled and no refund will apply.

FINANCIAL PROTECTION

United States Tour Operator Association 

$1 Million Travelers Assistance Program 

Trafalgar shares the coverage available under the USTOA $1 Million Travelers Assistance Program with affiliates of The Travel Corporation who, as an Active Member of the USTOA is required to post $1 Million with USTOA to be used to reimburse, according to the terms and conditions of the USTOA Travelers Assistance Program, the advance payments of Trafalgar Tours Ltd customers in the unlikely event of The Travel Corporation bankruptcy, insolvency or cessation of business. Further, you should understand that the $1 Million posted by The Travel Corporation may be sufficient to provide only a partial recovery of the advance payments received by Trafalgar Tours Limited. Complete details of the USTOA Travelers Assistance Program and a list of affiliates may be obtained by writing to USTOA at 275 Madison Avenue, Suite 2014, New York, New York 10016, or by email to information@ustoa.com or by visiting their website at www.ustoa.com

Guided Vacation
By air-conditioned luxury motorcoaches, minibus or 4x4 vehicles, trains, cruises, ferries and intra-trip flights including light aircraft as described in the respective itinerary. Please note on some regional trips, transfers and sightseeing trips smaller motorcoaches without toilet facilities may be used.

If, due to circumstances beyond our control, motorcoaches are used otherwise than as advertised, a refund of $10 per person will be made.

Toilets may be affected by higher altitude or extreme weather conditions such as freezing temperatures and for the comfort of those on board the motorcoach the toilets may have to be closed. In these circumstances, additional rest breaks will be incorporated into the itinerary.

Accommodation
Prices are per person, based on two persons sharing a room with private bath or shower. Triple rooms may be available on selected vacations in limited numbers. Triple or quad occupancy rooms may utilize rollaway beds and three adults may find these rooms small. This can be confirmed with your local sales agent or online reservation agent.

Every effort has been made to reserve two-bed rooms; however, on some occasions, rooms with one double bed may be the only option available. These rooms will be allocated to solo travelers and couples first; other rooms may feature a single bed and rollaway bed, murphy bed or sleeper sofa. A limited number of double room rooms are available with our shared rooming service on certain trips. Trafalgar shall not be responsible or liable for any claims or issues arising out of the shared rooming.

Special room requests (adjacent, connecting or lower-floor rooms, as examples) must be made at time of booking. Special room requests are not guaranteed and are based on availability at time of checkin. Many hotels, lodges and luxury tented camps are 100% smokefree, including all guest rooms, restaurants, lounges, meeting rooms and public spaces. Smoking in a non-smoking room will result in a fine.

Substitute accommodation may be used sometimes. We try to use those of similar standard. If the standard of accommodation is materially lower, we will refund you the reduction in value. Hotel Frequent Traveler program points are not earned with hotels on Trafalgar trips.

Please note that hotel room sizes, standards, facilities and services provided may vary from country to country and region to region and are often local in style and may not have air-conditioning. Accommodations outside of the USA may not be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and may not have wheelchair accessibility. 

Cruises
Per person prices are based on two persons sharing a cabin with two berths, private shower and toilet. A limited number of single cabins or triple cabins may be available at an extra cost. Availability can be confirmed with your local sales agent or online reservation agent.

Air Transportation
Not included unless otherwise outlined in each trip’s itinerary. Please be advised that due to the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) Secure Flight rules, airlines must collect required information from guests. For more information regarding TSA’s Secure Flight rules, please visit tsa.gov.

Wi-Fi
Complimentary Wi-Fi service is available in the rooms and public areas of most accommodation. In many countries complimentary WiFi is also provided on-board the motorcoaches, however this is not available in all locations. The Wi-Fi on the motorcoaches uses the cellular phone network and as a result the connection will be slower than standard broadband and at times may not be available. Audio and Video streaming is not available using motorcoach Wi-Fi. Please note that it may not be available on train trips, cruises, safari lodges, tented camps or when the main motorcoach is not being used, such as on transfer motorcoaches and other local services. For further information on which countries Wi-Fi is offered in as well as daily data allowances please refer to the website.

Travel Director
Guided vacations are conducted in English by a professional Travel Director or Driver Guide. Mini-stays, Explorers or itinerary extensions are normally not accompanied by a Travel Director and are operated on a locally hosted basis using English-speaking Local Host services unless otherwise described.

In the unlikely event that there are fifteen guests or less traveling on a departure, Trafalgar reserves the right to operate this departure on an individual basis with private transfers and individual arrangements. Please refer to the individual guided vacation itinerary.

Meals
Some meals are included as detailed on trip itineraries.

Sightseeing
Experiences, entrance fees and an English-speaking Local Specialist (when required) are included as detailed in the itinerary pages. Some included activities (marked on the day-by-day itinerary descriptions) require a signed liability waiver; participation in those included activities is at your own risk.

Transfers
Transfers between airports, hotels, railway stations and piers are only included as indicated on each itinerary. Transfers can be purchased for an additional cost in many destinations. There will be no refund for missed or unused transfers, unless our negligence caused you to miss or not use the transfer. If you require and reserve airport transfers and did not purchase your flights from Trafalgar, you will need to provide your arrival and departure flight information to Trafalgar between 21-65 days before flight departure depending on the destination. It is your responsibility to update Trafalgar with any changes to your flight schedule to ensure that you receive your transfers. Failure to do so may result in missing these services and no refund shall be due for missed transfers resulting from missing or outdated flight information.

Porterage
Luggage handling of one suitcase per person, at each guided vacation hotel and porter service at airports for intra-air inclusive guided vacations, is included in the price except in Australia and New Zealand where no porter services are provided at airports.

Luggage Allowances
Due to limited motorcoach capacity, a single bag is allowed with dimensions not exceeding 30”x18”x10” (76x46x25cm) and weight not exceeding 50 lbs./23kg. Carry-on/hand luggage is restricted to one piece per person, not exceeding 12”x11”x6” (30x28x14cm) to fit under your coach seat or in the small overhead compartment. Carry-ons with telescopic handles and wheels will not fit in the overhead compartments or under seats and therefore, cannot be accepted as carry-on luggage. Carry-on/hand luggage handling is the responsibility of each guest and must be taken on and off the coach by you each day of the guided vacation.

Please be advised that stricter luggage allowances may be in place for other methods of transportation such as safari vehicles, flights and cruises. Please confirm with your local sales representative or online reservation agent.

Trafalgar and Trafalgar’s affiliated entities shall not be liable for loss or damage to luggage or any guest’s belongings, unless our negligent actions or omissions cause the loss or damage. Guests should immediately report lost items to the Travel Director who will assist in completing a lost property form that can be used for an insurance claim. Trafalgar cannot assist in locating lost items after the guest disembarks or completes the Trafalgar vacation.

Gratuities
Gratuities are included for services on your guided vacation, except to your Motorcoach Driver, Well-Being Director and Travel Director (and outside of the Americas, to your Local Host and Local Specialists) whose tips/gratuities should be extended on a voluntary, individual basis at the end of your vacation. Included gratuities cover all services provided by dining-room waiters, housekeeping staff and porters at hotels.

Gratuities for cruises and train journeys are subject to other arrangements which may be confirmed with your local sales agent or online reservation agent.

Optional Prepaid Gratuities
If you have opted to prepay your gratuities to your Travel Director, Well-Being Director and Motorcoach Driver, this will be detailed within your vacation documentation. We offer this option on the majority of our vacation itineraries. Please check with your local sales representative or reservation agent where this option is available.

General
Any items and matters not referred to above, including, airfares to and from your destination, air-related taxes and fees (except where specified); additional fees charged by airlines such as checked and/or excess baggage, seat selections and any other services; passport and visa fees; insurances of all kinds; gratuities to Travel Directors, Local Specialists, Motorcoach Drivers and other; laundry; phone calls; minibar; beverages and meals not detailed in the itinerary; and all items of a personal nature.

Additional taxes and surcharges may be collected by foreign governmental and non-governmental entities. This list is illustrative and not a complete list of every item not included. 

Optional Experiences General
Additional/optional experiences are available on your trip and can be purchased for an extra charge during your trip.

Leaving the trip early
The price does not cover costs and expenses, including your return home, if you leave the trip whether of your own volition, our decision to terminate your participation based on your behaviour that in our view does or has the potential to harm the safety of yourself or others or the general enjoyment of others, due to illness, action by any government or other reason.

MyTrafalgar
Guests are required to register for their trip at my.Trafalgar.com. This only takes a few minutes and means we’ll have:

• Your personal details, including your email address and phone number.  
• Your emergency contact info and travel insurance details, just in case we need it. 
• Your dietary, medical or other special requirements you may have. 

Provided full payment has been received on time and registration is completed, travel documents will be available to download in electronic format no later than 21 days prior to travel. You’ll also find out where your Trafalgar trip will start and exactly what accommodation you’ll be staying in – plus the answers to a host of FAQs. We don’t print paper documents, and all guests will receive e-docs.

Passports, Visas and other Entry/Exit Requirements
All guests must be in possession of a machine-readable passport valid for 6 months after their trip return date along with applicable visas. Due to government imposed security/ immigration measures, passport and emergency contact information is required for all guests prior to the release of travel documents.

It is the guest’s sole responsibility to secure and/or pay for any and all visas, or Electronic Travel Authorizations (ETAs), affidavits, vaccinations, etc. that are required in order to be permitted entry into each destination. In some countries you may be subject to entry (reciprocity) fees and/or departure taxes/exit fees which will be collected at the airports upon entry/departure by local government authorities.

You should check with your Travel Agent or Consular Service for information regarding necessary visa and travel documentation for your entire trip. Where possible we strongly recommend obtaining any required visa or documentation prior to departure. Obtaining documentation while traveling can be a time-consuming process and some countries will not issue documentation at the border. For some countries an invitation letter is required from the Ground Handler to send along with the visa application.

Please note that entry to any country may be refused even if the required information and travel documents are complete. The Provider will require full passport information (full name, date of birth, passport number, Nationality, issue and expiry dates) prior to final payment.

For up-to-date detailed information on travel documents and visas, entry/exit taxes and further information on entry and exit requirements please check with your Travel Agent or local consular services. Obtaining and carrying these documents is your sole responsibility.

The Provider bears no responsibility for such information and will not be responsible for advising and/or obtaining required travel documentation for any guest, or for any delays, damages, and/or losses including missed portions of your vacation related to improper documentation or government decisions about entry.

Airline Seating
Seats are limited in our contracted class of service and may not be available on every flight. The Provider does not hold block space on any airline and does not assure seat availability for every single trip departure date. Not all airlines offer pre-assigned seats. Some may charge for pre-assigned seats. Seat assignments are not guaranteed and are subject to change without notice due to a schedule change, equipment change or other unforeseen circumstances. Seating is solely under the airline’s control. Any additional charge imposed by airlines will be at guests’ expense. Where pre-assigned seats are not offered or different seats are desired, guests must contact the airline(s) directly to arrange seating assignments as well as special meal requests. The Provider does not assure that these requests will be granted.

Airline Schedule Changes
Itinerary changes due to flight delays and schedule changes is solely under the airline’s control. The Provider reserves the right to offer alternative schedules for itineraries affected by airline schedule changes and equipment. Flight delays, flight cancelations and schedule changes are the responsibility of the airline. The Provider will not be responsible or liable for such delays or rescheduling and extra charges.

Airline Frequent Flyer Programs
Frequent Flyer miles can be accrued on most air carriers. Upgrades using mileage are not permitted. Many airlines do not automatically add frequent flyer numbers to records for flights booked and ticketed by the Provider. It is the guest’s responsibility to request frequent flyer credit from the airline. The Provider shall not be responsible for matters concerning frequent flyer miles.

Airline Fuel Surcharges and Airelated Taxes, Fees and Restrictions
Airfares will be provided at time of booking, will be based on roundtrip purchase, and will include air-related taxes, fees and fuel surcharges imposed by the airlines. Any additional fees charged by the airlines such as baggage handling (visit our website for more information), seat selections and/or any other services are the sole responsibility of the guest(s).

Sailing/Cruise Accommodations
Cruise accommodation is priced on two guests sharing a twin cabin. A limited number of single cabins are available at an extra cost. On Nile cruises triple rooms may not be available.

Sailing/Cruise Fees & Taxes
Your double room Sailing/Cruise price normally includes an amount covering Cruise Fees & Taxes, and all gratuities to on board cruise personnel. This can be confirmed with your Travel Agent or Online Sales Representative. Cruise Fees, or “Non-Discountable Amount” as referred to by the cruise line, is a mandatory fee charged by the cruise line. That portion of the price is not subject to reduction in a discount promotion, nor commissionable to Travel Agents. Cruise Taxes, as used by the cruise line, refers to certain taxes, fees and charges imposed by governments or quasi-government authorities, relating to any aspect of your cruise, for example, customs fees, head taxes, inspection fees, immigration and naturalization fees, harbor maintenance fees and taxes. Government fees and taxes are subject to change without notice and will apply regardless of your booking’s payment status. The cruise line reserves the right to impose or pass through fuel surcharges, security surcharges or other incidental surcharges which we will pass on to you. No right of cancelation exists in these circumstances.

These Cruise Fees, Taxes and gratuities are available online. 

Cruise Line Immigration Questionnaire
Some cruise lines require guests to complete mandatory forms 30 days prior to the cruise departure. These are available online from the cruise company.

Shore Excursions
To make your vacation even more memorable, cruise lines offer an extensive program of optional shore excursions. Some cruise lines may allow you to book these online direct with the cruise operator in advance of sailing.

Cabin Assignment
Cabin assignment is strictly controlled by the cruise lines. Please confirm the available options with your Travel Agent.

TRAVEL PROTECTION PLAN

For your convenience, the Provider offers an optional Travel Protection Plan that provides these types of benefits. The availability of travel insurance and extent of coverage often changes, so please refer to our website for the most up-to-date information or contact one of our reservation specialists. Travelers are not required to purchase their insurance from the Provider and are welcome to choose any travel insurance provider that meets the requirements above. If you wish to purchase the Provider’s Travel Protection Plan, you must purchase the Travel Protection Plan within 14 days of paying your deposit. Should you purchase your insurance from another seller, you must provide us information regarding your insurance policy prior to final payment being due.

Trip Prices
All prices are per person in US Dollars unless specified. Prices are based on costs, charges, tariffs, rates, prices, taxes, levies, exchange rates and other considerations. All are subject to change. For up-to-date pricing contact your Travel Agent or check on our website.

Other Fees and Taxes
Taxes and fees are subject to change without notice and will be confirmed at time of booking. Any additional fees charged by the airlines/ cruise lines such as baggage handling, seat selections, and/or any other services are the sole responsibility of the guest(s). Additional air-related restrictions apply. Any additional government taxes and fees charged by the cruise lines are the sole responsibility of the guest.

Services
We commence providing services to you as soon as we accept your booking and a deposit is paid. This includes work undertaken prior to travel to arrange and coordinate the delivery of your travel arrangements.

Minimum Numbers
Some trips are based on a minimum number of persons traveling. If a trip fails to satisfy minimum numbers, the trip may be canceled or rescheduled. We will advise you at least 30 days prior to the trip’s scheduled commencement. If you do not accept the rescheduled trip, then we will pay you a full refund. 

Booking with a Travel Agent
If you book your vacation through a travel agent then you acknowledge and agree that for your booking to be confirmed and maintained, we must have received all payments from you or your travel agent as detailed in the Table. You also agree that your travel agent is independent of the Provider and our control; and that unless expressly authorized by us in writing, we are not bound by or liable for anything affecting us that the agent may or may not do.

Overlapping / Modular Trips
To offer our Travelers more flexibility around when they start and how long they travel for, some of our trips are sections (or modules) of larger itineraries. This means that some of them overlap – for example, some of your group may have already been traveling before you join them, and may continue traveling after your adventure has come to an end.

Age Restrictions
On all guided vacations young traveler s under 5 years of age are not eligible to travel. Young traveler s under 18 years of age must be accompanied by an adult, who will be responsible for their welfare and supervision. Alcoholic beverages will not be served to guests under the legal age for alcohol consumption in the country being visited. Minors under age 18 traveling to certain foreign countries must be accompanied by both parents or have a notarized letter of consent signed by the parent(s) not traveling. Trafalgar is not responsible for any losses if you fail to have appropriate documentation. If the other parent is deceased or the child has only one legal parent, a notarized statement must be obtained as proof. Countries have different age limits for the consumption of alcohol and other activities. You must ensure you satisfy the age limits before participating in any activity with age limits (such as the consumption of alcohol) and you release us from all liability and claims arising from your inability to participate in such activities.

Health, reduced mobility, medical conditions/disabilities and assistance when traveling
Trafalgar welcomes guests with special needs or disabilities. Please note the following:

• Guests must advise Trafalgar, at time of booking, of any physical, medical or other special needs that require accommodating. Trafalgar will make reasonable modifications to its policies, practices and procedures when necessary, unless doing so will fundamentally alter the nature of the services provided.
• Guests must ensure they are medically and physically able to travel. We may request you to provide an assessment of your medical condition from a qualified medical practitioner. If the assessment indicates that you will require special assistance which we cannot reasonably provide or if you fail to provide a medical assessment with a reasonable time, then this will be considered a cancellation by you and cancellation fees and charges will apply. 
• Trafalgar may impose safety requirements. Trafalgar may exclude an individual from participating in a guided holiday or an activity if the individual’s participation poses a threat to the health or safety of others. This decision, made solely by Trafalgar, to exclude an individual will be based on an individualized assessment based on reasonable judgment that relies on current medical evidence or on the best available objective evidence to determine the nature, duration and severity of the risk, the probability that potential injury will occur and whether reasonable modifications of policies, practices or procedures will mitigate the risk. No refunds will be given if the decision is made to exclude a guest.
• Trafalgar does not provide personal devices (such as wheelchairs, hearing aids or prescription eye glasses) or services of a personal nature (such as eating, toileting or dressing). A traveler who requires services of a personal nature (eating, toileting or dressing, as examples) should strongly consider bringing a companion to provide such assistance and must understand that other travelers, Travel Directors and Trafalgar Staff will not be available for such purposes.
• Regrettably, motorized scooters are not allowed on guided vacations.
• Trafalgar does not employ medical personnel. Any necessary medical attention must be sought at a local facility, if available, at the guest’s expense. Trafalgar is not responsible or liable for losses or costs incurred due to unavailability of medical services, or medical services obtained while on holiday, or for the quality of the care or services received. Medical care in other countries is not always comparable to care that you may receive in your local area. You are encouraged to purchase medical insurance that will cover you while on vacation. Your regular health insurance benefits may not apply abroad.
• In purchasing your vacation, you attest that you are physically fit for it. If you have concerns please request additional details about your journey from your Travel Agent or Trafalgar.
• Some guided vacations include rough terrain, extensive walking over cobblestone streets, uneven pavement, steps and/or locations which may not be easily accessible by wheelchair. During the guided vacation, Trafalgar may make arrangements with carriers, hotels and other independent suppliers to provide travel services. These parties are independent entities which Trafalgar does not control. Trafalgar cannot guarantee disability access or accommodations for guests traveling on international guided holidays.

Trafalgar may, in its sole discretion, decline booking any guest or remove any guest who cannot comply or refuses to comply with Trafalgar’s terms and conditions. If this occurs, you are responsible for the cost of travel back to your hometown and Trafalgar shall not be liable for your losses and no refund shall be provided.

Travel times on our trips vary from day to day depending on the destination. For your comfort we make regular stops and try to keep each section no longer than 3 hours. However, depending on your medical history, some people may be at risk of discomfort or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) if they remain immobile for a long period on a journey. If you have had DVT, pulmonary embolism, a family history of clotting conditions, cancer, or treatment for cancer, stroke, heart or lung disease, or if you have had major surgery in the past three months, we recommend you consult your doctor before traveling.

Special Requests
Any dietary requests, special meal requirements including allergies or any other special request, must be provided at the time of booking and are received on a request basis only. The Provider cannot assure that special meal requests will be fulfilled and does not assume responsibility or liability if requests are not fulfilled. Although we will endeavor to pass any reasonable requests on to the relevant supplier, this is not confirmation that the request will be met. All requests are subject to availability. It is also your responsibility to double check and reconfirm any requirements with all vacation suppliers.

Trip Participation
You agree to accept the authority and decisions of our employees, Travel Directors and agents whilst on trip with us. If in the opinion of any such person(s) or any other person in a position of authority (such as, for example, a local supplier or hotel manager), your health (including impact of an epidemic or pandemic), level of fitness or conduct at any time before or during a trip is endangering or appears likely to endanger your health or wellbeing or any third party (including any of our other guests) or the safe, comfortable or happy progress of the trip, you may be excluded from all or part of the trip without refund or recompense. Where you are excluded, we will have no further responsibility towards you (including any return travel arrangements) and we will not meet any expenses or costs incurred as a result of the exclusion. In the case of ill health, we may make such arrangements we see fit and recover the costs thereof from you.

Many Optional Experiences are operated by independent thirdparty suppliers, not the Provider. These are not part of the vacation package provided by us. Your contract will be with the operator of the experience. We are not responsible for providing the experience, or anything that happens during the experience. Some experiences involve outdoor activities and/or can be physically demanding and may require signature of a waiver. You must make your own decisions about experiences and participate only in activities that suit your physical ability: we suggest that you speak with your medical provider if you have questions about your abilities. We recommend you check whether any insurance you have also includes your participation in adventure activities you may undertake. 

Behavior
The Provider is here to provide the best services possible but in doing so we will not tolerate abusive or aggressive behavior from our guests. We will refuse to deal with and, acting reasonably may terminate the vacation of guests who assault our staff, suppliers or fellow guests or who are abusive or aggressive to them and are generally affecting the enjoyment of others with their behavior and you may be barred from future trips with the Provider and The Travel Corporation family of brands. This may include (but is not limited to):

1. verbally abusive or offensive language towards anyone;
2. bullying behavior;
3. inappropriate or abusive behaviour including uninvited physical contact, harassment, violence or threat of violence;
4. excessive consumption of alcohol or intoxication;
5. the possession, carriage or use of restricted substances or drugs (except for medical purposes approved by your doctor);
6. failure to comply with the Provider’s (including a representative’s) reasonable direction;
7. conduct which, in the Provider’s reasonable opinion, is not compatible with other guests’ general enjoyment and well-being or the smooth operation of the trip;
8. the possession, carriage or use of dangerous items (such as weapons);
9. breaking the law of the Country in which you are traveling; and
10. any behaviour or conduct which brings the Provider into disrepute or damages its goodwill.

When you make a booking, you accept responsibility for the proper conduct of all members of your party during your travels with the Provider. We reserve the right at any time and at our discretion to terminate the travel arrangements and/or cease to deal with any party member(s) whose behavior, in the reasonable opinion of us or our suppliers, may cause danger, upset, disruption or distress to anyone else or damage to property. Full cancelation charges will apply and no refund will be made. We shall have no obligation to pay compensation or meet any costs or expenses (including but not limited to alternative accommodation and return transportation arrangements) guest may incur as a result of the travel arrangements being terminated.

You must immediately report any significant and obvious pre-existing damage in your room to accommodation staff and/or a Travel Directors. If you damage the accommodation in which you are staying or any property, you must reimburse the accommodation provider or property owner concerned for the cost of the damage before the end of your stay if the cost has been established by then or as soon as it has been established if later. You must indemnify us for the full amount of any claim (also including legal costs) made against us. Criminal proceedings may be instigated. The Provider is not responsible for any costs incurred concerning a guest removed from a trip or aircraft, ship or train. Guests agree not to hold the Provider or any of its related entities liable for any actions taken under these terms and conditions.

Itinerary Variations
The Provider strives to improve trip itineraries, services and features. If improvements can be made, or if circumstances beyond our control make changes necessary, we reserve the right to vary itineraries and to substitute hotels. If prior to the commencement of your trip we become aware of any significant change that has a material effect on the value or characteristics of services, then we will advise you and give you the option to accept the changed services (and we will pay you an amount reflective of the reduced value of the service) or you may elect to terminate your booking in which case we will provide a full refund. If you do not make an election within 7 days of our notice, you will be deemed to have accepted the changes. At certain peak periods multiple departures may operate, sometimes in reverse order; accommodation may vary from those stated on the itinerary pages. On trips which include cruises, the ship may be changed for operational reasons. Departures in early and late season are potentially operated in cool weather conditions. As a result, itinerary variations may occur. Certain activities may not be precisely as described or may not be available due to seasonality or weather conditions or other circumstances beyond our control including COVID-19 restrictions and precautions. This may include specific requirements regarding personal protective equipment, such as use of face-masks by staff (and you may be required to wear a facemask as well), social distancing, maximum number restrictions on the use of certain facilities, designated alternative entrance and exit routes, mandatory hand sanitisation, limited entertainment and leisure options and limited food/drink availability. If your enjoyment may be diminished by such limitations, please check with us or your Travel Agent before making a reservation. Please take this risk into consideration when booking your trip.

Changes due to National/Public Holidays
During local or national holidays, certain facilities such as museums, sightseeing trips and shopping may be limited or unavailable. In such instances itinerary changes are made by the Provider seeking to reduce inconvenience to guests. Such changes are deemed not to be a major change to the itinerary, and the value of the alternative services we provide which you accept will be deducted from any compensation you may be entitled to. Holidays, closing days and other circumstances may necessitate a change of the day of the week for scheduled regional meals, sightseeing or other activities. If you feel your enjoyment might be diminished by any of these circumstances, please check with the respective national tourist office before selecting a specific departure date.

Pre & Post-Trip Accommodation
If you arranged with us to remain at a destination before or after your trip, your stay will be at your sole expense as is the transfer to either the hotel or airport. Please speak to your Travel Agent or our reservations team about our pre and post-trip accommodation. Availability is limited. Breakfast and luggage handling is not included unless otherwise noted. The Provider does not provide complimentary transfers for guests booking pre and post-trip accommodations unless otherwise stated. However, airport transfers can often be purchased from the Provider. If your extra night accommodation is not the hotel where your trip begins or ends, you will be responsible for your transfer arrangements at your own expense.

For Your Comfort
The Provider enforces a strict no smoking (including e-cigarettes) and no alcohol policy on board motorcoaches. Regular comfort stops are made on traveling days. Many hotels, restaurants, trains, cruises and other venues are 100% smoke free. The Provider operates a daily seat rotation system.

Disclaimer of Warranties
The Operator warrants only that the services shall be generally, though in view of the vagaries of travel, not necessarily precisely, as described, and subject to changes and the other terms and conditions herein. To the maximum extent permitted by law, all other warranties, express and implied, including warranties of fitness for a specific purpose and merchantability are expressly excluded. There is no warranty that extends beyond the description of the face hereof.

Changes
The Operator shall be responsible to the guest for supplying the services and accommodations described in the itinerary, except where they cannot be supplied or the itinerary is changed due to delays or other causes of whatever kind or nature beyond the Operator’s control. In such circumstances, the Operator will seek to supply comparable services, accommodations and itineraries and there shall be no refund in these circumstances.

Disclaimer of Liability
To the maximum extent permitted by law, neither the Provider nor the Operator nor its agents or affiliated entities (“released parties”) shall be responsible or liable for cancelations, acts of other service providers, diversions or substitution of equipment or any act, variation, postponement, omission or default by air carriers, land carriers, hoteliers or hotels, transportation companies, or any other persons providing services or accommodations to guests not under the exclusive control of the released parties including any results thereof, such as changes in services, accommodations or facilities. Nor shall they be liable for loss or damage to baggage or property, or for any damages or claims whatsoever arising from loss, negligence or delay from the act, error, omission default or negligence of any person not its direct employee or under its exclusive control, including any act, error, omission, default, or negligence of any country, government or governmental authority, officer or employee. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the released parties shall not be liable for indirect, special or consequential damages.

Nothing in this agreement limits any liability which cannot legally be limited, including but not limited to liability for death or personal injury caused by the negligence of the released parties.

All baggage and personal effects are at all times and in all circumstances at the risk of the trip participant. The Provider recommends that each guest obtains baggage insurance. After return at the end of the trip, if lost articles are found and returned to the owner, a service fee will be charged. The carriers, hotels and other suppliers who provide services on trip are independent contractors; they are not agents, employees or servants of the Operator or its associated companies. All certificates and other travel documents for services issued by the Operator are subject to the terms and conditions specified by the carriers and suppliers and to the laws of the countries in which the services are supplied. Carriage by sea is subject to the Carrier’s Conditions of Carriage which are expressly incorporated into this contract, copies of which are available upon request. The released parties are not responsible for any criminal or other conduct by third parties, whether criminal, intentional, grossly negligent, negligent or otherwise.

Additional Risks
Additional risks may arise including, but not limited to, hazards of traveling in undeveloped areas, hazards of travel by boat, train, bus, car, truck, aircraft and other means, animals, forces of nature, unrest, differing levels of sanitation, differing safety standards, risks associated with water, drinks, food, plants, insects and animals, diseases and transmission of disease to you or members of your family or party, accident or illness in areas of difficult evacuation or poor medical facilities, acts of governments; all occurring during the trip or while coming to or returning from the trip. You are voluntarily participating, knowing there are risks. You agree to accept any and all risks.  This release and discharge of liability, assumption of risk and agreement not to make a claim is entered into on behalf of you and all members of your family and party, also including minors. This agreement also binds your heirs, legal representatives and assigns. 

Safety
Where the guest occupies a motorcoach seat fitted with a safety belt, neither the Provider nor the Operator nor its agents or cooperating organizations or service providers will be liable for any injury, illness or death or for any loss or damages or claims whatsoever arising from any accident or incident, if the safety belt is not being worn at the time of such an accident or incident. This exclusion and limitation of liability shall not be used to imply that the Operator or its agents or affiliated entities are liable in other circumstances.

International Treaties
Transportation companies, airlines etc. are not to be held responsible for any act, omission or event during the time guests are not on board planes, transportation or conveyances. We rely on international convention which may apply to the services provided by us, our suppliers or agents with respect to any claim of any nature brought by you against us as a result of the provision of those services. International conventions which apply may include: Warsaw Convention 1929, (as amended by Hague Protocol and Montreal Protocol) in relation to air travel, or Montreal Convention; the Berne Convention for rail travel; Athens Convention 1974 for carriage by sea; the Geneva Convention for carriage by road and the Paris Convention 1962 for Hotels. We are to be regarded as having all the benefits of these conventions on limiting our liability in relation to any claim for death, injury, loss, damage and delay to guests and luggage.

Trafalgar Tours West Inc's Limited Role
Trafalgar Tours West, Inc., a California corporation, serves only as sales representative, and is not responsible for any activity beyond its limited role in arranging reservations and ticketing. Trafalgar Tours West, Inc. shall not be responsible or liable for any act, omission or default, whether negligent or otherwise, of any other entity whether or not affiliated with the Operator.

Choice of Law and Venue Selection
This Agreement is deemed to be entered into in Orange County, California. The exclusive venue for any action concerning the interpretation, enforcement, or breach of any term, obligation, or duty as contained or related to these Booking Conditions or any grievance relating to the trip shall be solely in the Superior Court of California in or for Orange County or the United States District Court for the Central District of California. This Agreement shall be construed according to the internal laws of California without regard to conflicts of law principles. All guest claims must be submitted in writing and received by Trafalgar no later than 60 days after completion of the Trafalgar vacation. Guest claims not submitted and received within this time shall be deemed to be waived and barred. In any legal action, arbitration, or other proceeding to enforce, interpret or construe the terms of this Agreement, or concerning any grievance relating to the trip, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover actual reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses. 

Errors and Omissions
In the case of computer or human billing errors, we reserve the right to re-invoice guests and their Travel Agents with correct billing.

Every effort is made to accuracy of our brochures and website; however, the Provider cannot be held responsible for printing or typographical errors, or errors arising from unforeseen circumstances. Moreover, photographs and descriptions of locations or attractions are merely representative of conditions that existed at time of brochure printing and conditions may not be the same at the time of your journey.

The airline(s) featured or nominated in our brochures or website do not by virtue of their endorsement commit or represent themselves either as contracting with any purchaser of a vacation from the Provider or as having any other legal relationship with them.

All bookings made with any provider of any transport, facilities, meals, other goods or of any services are subject to terms and conditions and exclusions and/or limitations of liability imposed by them in relation to matters not covered particularly and expressly by your agreement with the Provider.

If you decide that you do not want to visit a country or part of a country you intended to visit because of any law, condition or requirement of any government or governmental authority, official, servant or agent, you are responsible for any costs, expenses, charges, fees, losses or damage incurred as a consequence and any cancelation or amendment fees. None of the companies in the Travel Corporation group of companies, or any of their staff or agents, accept any responsibility or liability for your acts, omissions, defaults, conduct, state of health, condition or circumstances.

Complaint Procedure
If you have a problem during your vacation please inform our Travel Directors/Local Representative immediately, who will try to make things right. Such assistance may include providing information on health services, local authorities and consular assistance as well as arranging communication and/or making alternative travel arrangements. We may charge a fee for these services where you have caused the problem intentionally or by your own negligence. If the matter was not resolved locally, please write to the Guest Relations Department at the address provided in your travel documentation within sixty (60) days of the end of your vacation with us, as it is important that you provide us the information quickly. Please quote your booking reference number and all relevant information. Failure to follow this procedure may delay or deny us the opportunity to investigate and rectify the problem, which may affect the way your complaint is dealt with and your rights under this contract. Accordingly, any claim not received in writing within this time is waived and barred. 

Guests Who Purchase From Within California
Transactions entered into with The Provider are covered by the California Travel Consumer Restitution Fund (TCRF) if the guest is located in California at the time of payment. Eligible guests may file a claim with TCRF if the guest is owed a refund of more than $50 for transportation or travel services which the seller of travel failed to forward to a proper provider or such money was not refunded when required. The maximum amount which may be paid by the TCRF to any one guest is the total amount paid on behalf of the guest to the seller of travel, not to exceed $15,000. A claim must be submitted to the TCRF within 12 months after the scheduled completion date of the travel. A claim must include sufficient documentation to prove your claim and a $35 processing fee. Claimants must agree to waive their right to other civil remedies against a registered participating seller of travel for matters arising out of a sale for which you file a TCRF claim. You may request a claim form by writing to: Travel Consumer Restitution Corporation, P.O. Box 6001, Larkspur, CA 94977-6001; or by faxing a request to: (213) 897-8846

Guests Purchasing from Outside of California
Transactions entered into with The Provider are not covered by the California Travel Consumer Restitution Fund.

Data Protection
To process your trip booking, The Provider will need to use personal information for you and guests in your booking. Personal information may include each guest’s name, address, phone number, email address, passport number, and sensitive information such as health, medical, dietary, mobility, religious or other special requirements. This personal information may be passed on to other suppliers of your travel arrangements in addition to public authorities (such as customs and immigration), security and credit checking organizations, and otherwise as required by law. We may need to provide personal information to contractors who provide services to or for us (e.g. sending mail, providing marketing assistance, etc). This may involve sending personal information (including sensitive information) to other countries that may not afford the same level of protection of personal information. In making your booking, you consent to your personal data being passed to relevant third parties as set out above.

We may also use personal information you provide us to review and improve the guided vacations and services we offer, and to contact you (by post, email, telephone or other means) about other guided vacations and services offered by The Provider that may interest you. If you don’t want to receive this information, or if you want a copy of the personal information we hold about you, write to us at the address contained in your Essential Information document. The Provider may charge a fee for supplying you this information as permitted by law.

Group Photos
We take the data privacy of our Travelers and guests very seriously and are committed to abiding by the associated governing laws. Please be notified that from time to time our Travel Directors may organize group photo opportunities as part of trip experiences. Such photos may be shared to our company social media channels such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, or LinkedIn. We will not share the image with anyone for any use other than for Company promotion. Please remove yourself from the group photos organized by the Travel Directors if you choose not to participate.

Each guest is required to comply with the terms, conditions, requirements, laws, rules and/or regulations of any service provider, or any country or governmental authority, and shall be liable for any such non-compliance.

Booking Arrangements
Your booking arrangements can be made through your Travel Agent, an online booking agent or with the Provider directly. When you make a booking, you must be at least 18 years of age at the time of booking. You are guaranteeing that you understand and have the authority to accept and do accept on behalf of yourself and all members of your party the terms of these booking conditions. We will deal only with the lead booking name in all subsequent correspondence and dealings. You are responsible for making all payments due, ensuring the accuracy of all personal details and other information supplied in respect of yourself and your party, notifying us of any changes or cancelations and for receiving correspondence and keeping your party informed.  

Additional Optional Experiences
With the Provider, you will enjoy many famous highlights as included features on your trip, at no extra cost. An exciting array of additional optional experiences and activities may be made available to further enhance your experience. These experiences and activities are optional and are offered at special preferential prices. In some locations they can be pre-booked before your trip otherwise they can be booked during the trip. A detailed list and cost of these will be included in your travel documentation as well as available on the Provider website once they have been confirmed for your itinerary. You can book and pay for them through your Travel Directors. Optional experiences and activities may vary due to seasonal conditions and often require minimum guest participation. Prices are subject to change without notice. Please also see the relevant section of "Trip Participation" regarding limitation (exclusion) of our liability for optional experiences and activities operated by independent thirdparty suppliers.